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隐形水印上线，AI写作开始留痕_我的网站

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A | 　　“这段文字是人写的吗？”随着生成式人工智能（AI）越来越多地参与写作，这个过去鲜少有人追问的问题，如今正变得越来越常见。　　近日，美国人工智能企业Anthropic宣布，8月2日及以后发布的新Claude模型将从上线起为生成内容加入机器可读标记。其中，生成文本会嵌入人眼无法察觉的隐形水印。Anthropic称，这种水印不会改变文本的含义、质量和可读性，但会嵌在文本的统计分布里，复制粘贴也会被带走，部分编辑也抹不掉。公司还计划提供相应工具，帮助用户和第三方识别这些标记。 A sizable piece of trash discovered in the middle of a sheep pasture in Eastern Australia's New South Wales may be space debris from a SpaceX mission and connected to a loud blast reported in early July in the area, Australian ABC News has reported.,According to the report, numerous people who heard the sound on July 9 turned to social media to report it from as far away as Albury, Wagga Wagga, and Canberra to the Snowy Mountains in southern New South Wales.,An extraordinary nearly three-meter-high object was reported by farmer Mick Miners, who runs a sheep farm at the remote area of Numbla Vale.,"I didn't know what to think, I had no idea what it was," he told the outlet, while his neighbor, Jock Wallace, who also stumbled upon strange debris said he "didn't hear the bang, but my daughters said it was very loud. I think it's a concern it's just fallen out of the sky. If it landed on your house it would make a hell of a mess.",As we all wait for the Chinese booster to impact-Here’s some photos of pieces believed to be from SpaceX’s Crew-1’s Trunk, which landed in Australia on July 9th, but discovered in farmland on July 25thThese are large pieces; which could be dangerous & fatal & more frequent. pic.twitter.com/ImaO4YKQzL— Earth Consuming Mike (@LCS_Big_Mike) July 29, 2022,Serial numbers were seen on one of the items discovered on his premises. Astrophysicist Brad Tucker from the Australian National University College of Science reportedly claimed that the debris was most likely from the craft's unpressurized crew trunk.,SpaceX's Crew Dragon Lifts Off for Its First Operational Mission to ISS16 November 2020, 00:29 GMT,He said that it might be the biggest piece of debris to have been found in Australia since NASA's Skylab space station crashed to Earth above Esperance, Western Australia, in 1979.,"In photographs of the debris you can clearly see charring, which you would expect from re-entry," Tucker told the outlet last Friday. "It is very rare to see, because they don't usually land on land, but in the ocean.",I just got back from Dalgety, NSW. I was busy confirming that parts of a @SpaceX Crew-1 Trunk capsule crashed into a few paddocks in rural NSW! More info to come:https://t.co/2VJzeYMhhn pic.twitter.com/sQsE4WAxRq— Brad Tucker (@btucker22) July 29, 2022,In the Pacific Ocean, between Australia and New Zealand, he added, the spacecraft was intended to make its landing. According to the expert, the craft was probably traveling at 25,000 kilometers per hour when it made re-entry and left behind debris, and it was probably responsible for the July 9 blast heard by many people in the area.,This Monday, in an interview on a local radio, quoted by the Daily Mail, Tucker confirmed that the debris belonged to the Crew-1 SpaceX mission spacecraft.,"This is most definitely space junk which was part of the SpaceX Crew-1 trunk," he is quoted as saying. "SpaceX has this capsule that takes humans into space but there is a bottom part... so when the astronauts come back, they leave the bottom part in space before the capsule lands.",The component, most likely made of aluminum and carbon composites, has been in orbit since November 2020, according to the expert.,"There was a plan of having it come down on Earth and purposely hitting the Earth's atmosphere so it would break apart and land in the ocean," he said.,It took some time to find the object, according to Tucker, because it had fallen far from Miners' house.,"From a distance it looks like a tree almost, like a burnt tree, and then you get closer and you realise 'hey that's not right'," Tucker explained.。

B | 　　过去，AI生成的文字往往可以混在人类作品中而不易察觉。如今，模型开始主动给自己的输出留下“指纹”，AI代笔正在从难以辨认走向可以追溯。　　AI生成内容时就加入标记　　今年7月，《大西洋月刊》报道了畅销小说《Daggermouth》引发的AI写作争议。这部自行出版的小说曾登上《今日美国》畅销书榜和亚马逊“科幻爱情小说”榜首，出版商西蒙与舒斯特甚至以七位数美元购买了该书及续作的出版权。但一项尚未经过同行评议的研究对1.4万多本电子书进行了分析，发现《Daggermouth》被检测出的AI文本比例达到60%。作者则通过律师坚决否认使用生成式AI，出版商也表示支持该作品。　　这场争议恰好说明了传统AI检测工具面临的问题：检测结果显示“像AI”，并不等于已经证明“就是AI写的”。

C | 传统AI检测工具是从用词、句式等语言特征入手，判断一段文字像不像AI生成。这种判断并不能直接证明文本来自哪个模型，因此误判和漏判始终难以避免。

D | 　　模型水印则不同，它是在生成文字时就主动加入标记，检测时不必只盯着文本本身的语言风格，出版社、学校和网络平台便多了一条判断依据。　　美国《商业内幕》网站报道称，Claude水印可能影响学生使用AI完成作业和论文，也可能让利用AI起草邮件等内容的职场人士更容易被揭穿。不过，该媒体也指出，现实中AI写作更常见的用途，其实是编写内部文件、会议纪要、研究报告和即时通信等，而这些内容通常不像小说、论文那样受到严格的作者身份审查。　　对于普通用户来说，最直接的变化可能并不是使用体验发生变化，而是AI使用行为变得更容易被发现。

E | 出版业或许会更敏感地感受到这种变化。　　水印看不见但并非“擦不掉”　　然而，把AI水印当作一种“永远无法删除的电子身份证”，恐怕并不现实。　　对于图像和文件，Anthropic计划采用C2PA来源元数据标准。不过，美国科技新闻与媒体平台The Verge网站指出，C2PA元数据本身并非牢不可破，文件在上传、转换或编辑过程中可能丢失相关信息。　　Claude文本水印的具体技术细节目前也没有全部公开，因此外界还无法准确判断它究竟采用何种算法，以及面对不同程度的改写和攻击时能保持多大程度的稳定性。

F | 不过，《商业内幕》报道称，Anthropic已承认，大量编辑、改写、翻译，或者把Claude生成的文字与其他内容混合，都可能让水印变得无法检测。　　与此同时，水印检测也存在误判风险。The Verge报道称，即便检测不到水印，也不能证明内容一定不是生成式AI产生的。换句话说，有标记可提供来源线索，没有标记却不能反向证明内容纯粹由人类创作。

G | 　　8月7日发表在预印本网站上的一项研究提出，AI水印不应被简单视为鉴别单篇内容真伪的“法医工具”，而应成为更大范围内容来源和AI治理体系的一部分。

H | 研究人员指出，人机协同创作越来越普遍，单纯将内容划分为“AI生成”或“人类创作”，可能掩盖两者之间复杂的合作关系。　　企业与监管推动AI水印普及　　尽管技术还有局限，给AI生成内容留下来源信息，并非Anthropic一家企业在尝试。　　谷歌早在2024年就宣布将SynthID水印技术扩展至Gemini生成的文本，至今已覆盖其文本、图像、音频和视频等多种生成内容。　　今年5月，OpenAI也提出，通过C2PA内容凭证、数字水印和验证工具等多种技术，帮助用户和平台识别AI生成内容的来源。此外，Meta也在探索中为AI生成内容加入不可见水印，以便在不同平台和应用中识别相关内容。